2023rise
X10 founded and announced funding
X10 was founded in 2023, positioning itself as a hybrid exchange combining CEX speed with DEX self-custody, using StarkEx for on-chain settlement.
Funding Amount~$6.5M
X10Project · Collapse Archive
Hybrid cryptocurrency exchange
Hybrid cryptocurrency exchange
Hybrid Architecture Smart Contract & Operational Risk · HIGH
CRITICALX10 employs a hybrid model relying on off-chain matching and StarkEx L2 settlement; vulnerabilities in StarkNet or validator fraud pose severe asset threats. As a DEX/CEX hybrid, its complex custody logic increases audit complexity and lacks the full censorship resistance of fully decentralized protocols.
Underlying Dependency RiskHigh
Centralization LevelMedium-High
Smart Contract Audit StatusVerify
Regulatory UncertaintyHigh
Collapse Timeline
Live API SyncLaunch2023X10 was established in 2023, featuring a hybrid exchange model.
On-chain Evidence
No data
Loss & Impact
Stolen/Lost AmountUnknownThe material does not mention any specific fund loss or stolen amount.
Affected UsersUnknownThe material does not mention any user data affected by security incidents.
Security Incident RecordNo related descriptionThe provided material is only a project introduction and does not contain any security incident or vulnerability disclosure information.
Based on the provided materials, X10 is a hybrid crypto exchange using StarkEx Layer 2 for on-chain settlement. The material does not mention any specific security incidents, hacks, or fund loss events, so financial losses cannot be assessed.
Trade-off Impact Between Speed and Security：X10 combines CEX execution speed with on-chain self-custody, settling via StarkEx. This architecture may affect user trust in asset control and tolerance for transaction latency.
Dependency Risk on StarkEx Ecosystem：X10's transaction settlement fully relies on the StarkEx Layer 2 engine. Technical failures or security issues in StarkEx would directly impact X10's transaction availability and user fund security.
Differentiated User Experience in Derivatives Market：As a hybrid exchange, X10 offers derivatives like perpetual contracts. Its self-custody feature attracts users seeking asset autonomy, while off-chain matching retains the low-barrier experience of traditional CEXs.
Regulatory Compliance and Decentralization Definition Controversy：Although X10 claims full self-custody and on-chain settlement, order processing and risk control are done off-chain. This hybrid model may face regulatory scrutiny and challenges regarding centralization of control.
Community Sentiment Shift
No data
Legal Progress
No Public Legal ProgressThe provided material only introduces X10's business model and technical architecture as a hybrid crypto exchange (including off-chain order processing and on-chain settlement via StarkEx), with no mention of any litigation, regulatory investigations, criminal cases, or other compliance-related developments.
Lessons Learned
1Security Trust Boundaries in Hybrid Architectures
Hybrid exchanges relying on off-chain matching and on-chain settlement are vulnerable to internal fraud or attacks if they lack multi-signature management for order server private keys and strict verification of data consistency between off-chain and on-chain systems. 重点：Strict isolation and verification between off-chain matching and on-chain settlement are essential.
2Smart Contract Risks in L2 Settlement Engines
When using ZK-Rollup engines like StarkEx, any code vulnerability can lead to direct theft of user assets if smart contracts are not audited by top-tier firms or lack a bug bounty program. 重点：L2 settlement contracts must undergo rigorous auditing.
3Private Key Security Responsibility in Self-Custody
Projects claiming "full self-custody" but assisting in generating or managing mnemonic/private key pairs often have single points of failure; if the project's infrastructure is compromised, user funds lose protection. 重点：True self-custody requires ensuring private keys remain out of the project's control.
X10, a hybrid exchange aiming to combine CeFi efficiency with DeFi self-custody, lacked specific details on security audits, fund transparency, and emergency protocols. Such architectures typically face high risks related to private key management, smart contract vulnerabilities, and regulatory compliance.
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